High temperature turbine



Sept. 5, 1933.

A. LYSHOLM 1,925,148 HIGH TEMPERATURE TURBINE I Filed March 21. 1931 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Y /2 9 22 Sept. 5, 1933. h LYSHOLM HIGH TEMPERATURETURBINE Filed March 21, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Hg-WT BY AQ TTE EYPatented Sept. 5, 1933 I 1,925,143 HIGH TEMPERATURE TURBINE All!Lysholm, Stockholm, Sweden, assigmcr to Aktiebolaget Milo, Stockholm,Sweden, :1 Swedish joint-stock company Application March 21, 1931,Serial No. 524,289, and in Germany March 24, 1930 9 Claims- (GE.25316.5)

This invention relates to elastic fluid turbines shaft 8. The shaft 8forms a part of a driven and more particularly to turbines operated by aaggregate, for instance an electric generator 9, high temperaturedriving fluid. and is journalled in a bearing 12 which is fitted in Inturbine practice it is desirable to utilize a a casing surrounding thegenerator 9. The

5 driving fluid at hightemperature and high presturbine disk 6 isprovided with a conically tasure in order to obtain the maximum power ina pered shaft part 13 which may be made integral turbine of smalldimensions. The use of high therewith, and extends throughalabyrinthpacktemperatures is particularly important in gas ing 15 which is fittedin the turbine casing l i turbines as the total energy in the drivingfluid surrounding the blade system 1. The turbine cas- 1 is increased byincrease in temperature and withing 14 is provided with double walls,,between out increasing the power requirements of the which a channel 16is formed, in which water is compressor. The temperatures that may beused circulated for cooling purposes. In order to mahowever, are limitedby the heat resisting charvent the driving medium atits high temperatureacteristics of the materials of construction. Mafrom cominginto contactwith those parts of' 15 terials generally used in turbine constructionare the turbine, for instance with the turbine disk 6 not capable ofwithstanding the high temperaand the turbine casing 14, which are notmade tures which are desirable for gas turbine work and of high heatresisting material, these parts are materials having higher heatresisting characterprovided with a protecting lining or shielding isticsare economically unsuitable for construcmember of heat resisting materiaThus the 29 tional parts. turbine disk 6 is lined with a plate 17 ofheat An object of the present invention is to overresisting materialfastened to the same by means come these difficulties and to provide aturbine of studs 18. Further, the admission conduit 2 which is capableof withstanding high operating and the walls of the central chamber 3 inthe temperatures. This is accomplished in general turbine are coveredwith protecting linings or 9 by constructing the turbine of usualmaterials and shielding members 20 and 19, respectively, which 0 liningor shielding the parts which come into conprevent the driving mediumfrom coming into tact with the hot driving fluid by a materialhavcontact with the non-heat resisting material. ing higher resistanceto the mechanical stresses Shielding member 19 is carried'by theinnermost and to the chemical action of the driving fluid, for bladering. Also the walls 21 forming the out- 39 example corrosion, which areinvolvedat high let channel 4 are formed of heat resisting mate---temperatures. These properties will be herein rial. Finally also theflange or disk 24. carrying referred to for convenience as heatresisting charthe stationary blade rings of the blade system, is

acteristics. provided with a protecting lining 25 which by Furtherfeatures distinguishing the invention means of studs is fitted to theflange 2%. This will be more fully explained in the following inprotecting lining 25 is fastened to a special wall 26 referring to theaccompanying drawings. located externally of the wall 20. The heattrans- In the drawings: fer to the turbine casing 14 is thus retarded.The- Fig. 1 shows a horizontal section or a turbine difierent bladerings are fastened by flexible couaccording to the invention. plingsthrough the intermediary of the heat re- 40 Fig. 2 shows a sectionthrough the turbine sisting linings 17 and 25 to the turbine disk 6 andalong line A-Ain Fig. 1. v to the flange 24, respectively. These liningsas Fig. 3 shows a modification of the construction well as the wall 21surrounding the outlet chamshown in Fig. 1. a her 4, and the wall 22surrounding the outlet 5,

In Fig; 1, 1 indicates an overhung radial flow direct the driving mediumflowing through the 1 blade system, to which driving fluid is introducedblade system in such a manner that it does not through the admissionconduit 2. Said fluid flows come into contact with the turbine casing.from the central chamber 3 .in radial direction In Fig. 2, in which thesame reference numerthrough the blade system comprising a plurality alsare used as for corresponding parts-in Fig. 1, of concentric rings ofblades towards the channel is shown how the walls 21 01? the outlet 4,which 4, from which it is discharged through the outlet are formed ofheat resisting material, are made conduit 5. inspiral form, so that theoutlet gradually widens Of the radial flow blade system 1 alternate tothe outlet conduit 5. The walls of the outlet blade rings rotate, andthese blade rings are fas- 4 are connected with the turbine casing bystuds tened to an overhung turbine disk or rotor 6' 23 which renderpossible the expansion of the no which is secured in known manner to arotor outlet 4.

' Fig. 3, in which the same designations are ing air layer for thetecting parts are -for the driving medium used as previously forcorresponding parts, shows a' simplified form of the invention. Also inthis case the admission conduit 2 of the radial blade system, leading tothe center 3 is provided with a protecting lining 20. The centralchamber is, as previously, also confined in axial direction by a lining17 protecting the turbine disk 8. The flexible couplings, by which theblade rings-are connected with the turbine disk 6 and the flange 24,respectively, prevent the dri g fluid from leaking out on the sides ofthe radial blade system to the space between the turbine'casing 14 andthe walls 21 which form the outlet 4. It is also evident thatarrangements can be made inthe usual way to prevent the driving fluidfrom leaking out between the blade rings, both in this embodiment and inthat shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, however,the turbine casing is not provided with a jacketforcooling water. Thisembodiment may be used for turbines, in which the starting temperatureof the driving medium is not so high that the portion of the drivingmedium which expands through the blade system or leaks into the spaceclose to the turbine casing, attains a temperature which is detrimentalto the casing material. The disk 17, made of heat resisting material andfitted in' known manner by means of studs 18 as protecting lining to theturbine disk 6, protects'also the bolt 7 which connects the conicallytapered shaft port 13 of the turbine disk 6 with the shaft 8 driven bythe turbine.

As an air space is arranged between the protecting disk 17 and theturbine disk 6, a certain degree of heat insulation is acquired againstthe high temperature, whereby the heat transfer to the bearings 15 and12 is retarded. Also the protecting lining 22, forming the walls of theoutlet conduit 5, is so fitted to the turbine casing 14, that aninsulating layer is formed between the lining 22 and the turbine casing14. According to this principle, the other linings can also be appliedto those parts which require protection. Thus, for instance the shell 20around the admission conduit 2, allows the provision of aninsulatturbine casing 14 or the is also provided with walls at; acertain distance from shell 26. The outlet 4 21 which arelmounted theturbine casing 14.

The heat resisting material, of which the promade, may consist ofchromiumnickel-molybdenum steel, though they may be made of any othermaterial that can be considered heat resisting. The turbine shown in theis preferably produced by compressing air to high pressure and heatingit by internal combustion of fuel therewith, whereby the heating takesplace without increase of the pressure of the driving medium.

By using linings according to the invention, turbines can be built forhigh temperatures corresponding to the heat resisting characteristics ofthe protecting material while other parts may be made of the samematerial as hitherto used.

It is even possible to employ the usual method of manufacture for mostof the turbine parts. When using single rotating radial flow turbinesthe path for the dri g medium through the turbine is very short and neednot, as is the case in axial turbines, be limited outwardly by walls,for which reason nozzles or other governing members are superfluous andcon- I tending turbine from said Sequenfly the risk of blaming thematerial is reduced.

What I claim 'is:

1. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor shaft, a rotor overhung on saidshaft, a radial llow blade system comprising a plurality of concentricrings of blades axially to the side of the rotor'opposite said shaft andproviding a path of flow for driving fluid generally normal to the axisof rotation of the shaft, and means for preventing transmission ofheataxially of the turbine from said path to said rotor comprising ashielding member interposed between said rotor and said blade system,said member being mounted on said rotor and providing a support for someof said rings of blades.

2. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor shaft, a rotor overhung on saidshaft, a radial flow blade system comprising a plurality of concentricrings of blades axially to the side of the rotor opposite said shaft andproviding a path of flow for driving fluid generally normal to the axisof rotation bearing for supporting said shaft, a rotor overhung on saidshaft adjacent to said bearing, a radial flow blade system comprisinga'plurality of concentric rings of blades axially to the side of saidrotor opposite said bearing and providing a path of flow for drivingfluid generally normal to the axis of rotation of the shaft-and meansfor preventing transmission of heat axially of the turbine from saidpath to said bearing comprising a shielding member interposed betweensaid rotor and said blade system, said member being mounted on saidrotor and providing a support for some of said rings of blades.

4. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor shaft, a disc-like rotoroverhung on said shaft, a radial flow blade system comprising aplurality of concentric rings of blades axially to the side of saidrotor opposite said shaft and providing a path of flow for driving fluidgenerally normal to the axis of rotation of the shaft, means forpreventing transmission of heat axially of the turbine from said path tosaid shaft comprising a plate-like shielding member interposed betweensaid rotor and said blade system, a plurality of radially exstuds formounting said shielding member on said rotor, whereby to permit radialexpansion of said shielding member with respect to said rotor andflexible coupling members for mounting some of said rings of biades onsaid shielding member.-

5. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor shaft, a rotoroverhung on said shaft within said casing, a radial flow blade systemcomprising a plurality of concentric rings of blades axially to the sideof the rotor opposite said shaft and providing a path of flow fordriving fluid generally normal to the axis of rotation of the shaft,means for preventing transmission of heat axially of the path of flowcomprising a first plate-like shielding member interposed between saidblade system and said rotor and a second plate-like shielding memberinterposed between said blade system and said casing at the side of theblade system axially opposite said rotor, a plurality of radiallyarranged studs for securing one of said plate-like members to the rotorand the other of said plate-like members to the casing, flexiblecoupling members for mounting some of the rings of blades on the firstplate-like member and flexible coupling members for mounting others ofthe rings of blades on said second platelike member. Y

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor shaft, a rotor overhung on saidshaft, a radial flow blade system comprising a plurality of concentricrings of blades axially to the side of said rotor opposite said shaftand providing a path of flow for driving fluid generally normal to theaxis of rotation of the shaft, means providing an inlet conduit foradmitting driving fluid to said blade system axially and centrally ofthe turbine from the side thereof opposite said shaft and means forpreventing transmission of heat axially of the turbine from the drivingfluid admitted to said blade system through said inlet conduitcomprising a first shielding member mounted on said rotor between therotor and the blade system and a second shielding member carried by theinnermost blade ring between said conduit and said first shieldingmember.

'7. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor shaft, a rotoroverhung on said shaft within said casing, a radial flow blade systemcomprising a plurality of concentric :rings of blades in said casingaxially to the side of said rotor opposite said shaft and providing apath of flow for driving fluid generally normal to the axis of rotationof the shaft, a first disc-like shielding member interposed between saidblade system and said rotor, said shielding member being mounted on saidrotor and carrying some of said rings of blades, a second annulardisc-like shielding member interposed between said casing and said bladesystem on the side of the blade system opposite said first shieldingmember and carrying others of said rings of blades and means providingan inlet conduit for admitting driving fluid axially and centrally "ofthe turbine through the annular shielding member from the side of theturbine opposite said shaft.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor shaft, a rotoroverhung on said shaft within said casing, a radial flow blade systemcomprising a plurality of concentric rings of blades in said casingaxially to the side of said rotor opposite said shaft and providing apath of flow for driving fluid generally normal to the axis of rotationof the shaft, a flrst disc-like shielding member interposed between saidblade system and said rotor, said shielding member being mounted on saidrotor and carrying some of said rings of blades, a second annulardisc-like shielding member interposed between sa'd casing and said bladesystem on the side of the blade system opposite said first shieldingmember and carrying others of said rings of blades, and means providingan inlet conduit for admitting driving fluid axially and centrally ofthe opposite said rotor, said last named means comprising an outer partfixed to said casing and an inner part radially spaced from said outerpart, said inner part being fixed to said outer part at a place remotefrom said blade system and being freely expansible axially and radiallywithin the turbine. i

9. In an elastic fluid turbine, casing structure providing a bearing,bearing, a rotor overhung on said shaft, a radial flow blade systemcomprising a plurality of concentric rings of blades axially to the sideof said rotor opposite said shaft and providing a path of flow fordriving fluid generally normal to the axis of rotation of the shaft,means for preventing transmission of heat axially of the turbine fromsaid path to said hearing by conduction through said rotor comprising ashielding member interposed between said rotor and said blade system andproviding a support for some of said rings of blades and means forpreventing transmission to said bearing by conduction through saidcasing structure of heat from driving fiuid discharged from said path offlow comprising means, forming an outlet channel for driving fluidspaced from said casing structure and encircling said blade system, saidlast mentioned means being mounted to permit radial expansion thereofwith respect to said casing structure.

ALF LYSHOLM.

turbine from the side thereof a rotor shaft mounted in said ,7

